Oxygen sensor Lambda sensor Heated oxygen sensor for Volvo Upstream Oxygen O2 Sensor OE 31380995

Product Description:

O2 sensor
OE NO.:   31380995 9487147 30774651

Applicable vehicle type: For Volvo

An automotive oxygen sensor is an electronic sensor installed in the engine exhaust system to monitor the oxygen content in exhaust gases. Its English names are “Oxygen Sensor” or “Lambda Sensor.”

Based on operating principles and performance characteristics, automotive oxygen sensors are primarily categorized into the following types:

• Narrowband O₂ Sensor: Also known as the zirconia-type sensor, this is the most common variant. Its advantages include low cost and simple structure, but it features slower response times and provides feedback only near the stoichiometric ratio, unable to operate stably across a wide range of air-fuel ratios.
• Wideband Oxygen Sensor (Wideband O₂ Sensor): Also known as linear oxygen sensors or wide-range oxygen sensors, their core operates on electrochemical principles to measure air-fuel ratios. Wideband sensors continuously monitor oxygen levels across a broad air-fuel ratio range, with output voltage exhibiting a linear relationship to the air-fuel ratio.
• Titanium Dioxide (TiO₂) Sensor: Operates based on the principle that the resistance of titanium dioxide ceramic changes with oxygen concentration. At high temperatures, TiO₂ resistance increases as oxygen content rises and decreases as oxygen content falls. This sensor features a simple structure and low cost but exhibits slow response times and sensitivity to temperature variations. It is typically found only in early-generation vehicles and is now relatively uncommon.
• Heated Oxygen Sensor: Since oxygen sensors require high temperatures to function properly (typically demanding exhaust temperatures above 300°C), many modern sensors incorporate built-in heating elements (ceramic heaters). These rapidly heat the sensing element to operating temperature, enhancing response speed and detection accuracy during cold starts.
• Upstream and Downstream Oxygen Sensors: Vehicles equipped with multiple catalytic converters may feature several oxygen sensors. The upstream oxygen sensor (front sensor) is typically positioned before the three-way catalytic converter. It monitors exhaust composition entering the converter, providing feedback to the ECU to adjust fuel injection volume for closed-loop control. The downstream oxygen sensor (rear sensor) is located after the three-way catalytic converter and monitors the converter's efficiency.

These distinct oxygen sensor types serve specialized roles in automotive applications. Narrow-band sensors, favored for their low cost and proven technology, remain prevalent in most conventional vehicles. Broad-band sensors, however, are increasingly adopted in modern high-performance and fuel-efficient vehicles due to stricter emissions regulations and evolving engine technologies. Heated sensors enhance operational stability and response speed, becoming the standard design for modern oxygen sensors. The combination of upstream and downstream sensors is employed in some advanced vehicles for more precise emission control and fault diagnosis.

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